The SecOps Group Certified AppSec Practitioner : CAP Exam

In the screenshot below, an attacker is attempting to exploit which vulnerability?
POST /upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Cookie: session=xyz123;JSESSIONID=abc123
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) rv:107.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW Content-Length: 12345 Connection: keep-alive Content-Disposition: form-data; name="avatar"; filename="malicious.php" Content-Type: image/jpeg
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

• A. File Upload Vulnerability
• B. HTTP Desync Attack
• C. File Path Traversal Attack
• D. Server-Side Request Forgery

After purchasing an item on an e-commerce website, a user can view his order details by visiting the URL:
https://example.com/order_id=53870
A security researcher pointed out that by manipulating the order_id value in the URL, a user can view arbitrary orders and sensitive information associated with that order_id.
Which of the following is correct?

• A. The root cause of the problem is a weak authorization (Session Management) and by validating a user's privileges, the issue can be fixed
• B. The root cause of the problem is a lack of input validation and by implementing a strong whitelisting, the problem can be solved
• C. None of the above
• D. The problem can be solved by implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF)

Which of the following attributes is NOT used to secure the cookie?

• A. Same-Site
• B. Restrict
• C. HttpOnly
• D. Secure

Based on the screenshot below, which of the following statements is true?
Request
GET /userProfile.php?sessionId=7576572ce164646de967c759643d53031 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Firefox/107.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-GB,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 Sec-Fetch-Dest: document Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-User: ?1 Cookie: JSESSIONID=7576572ce164646de967c759643d53031 Te: trailers Connection: keep-alive PrettyRaw | Hex | php | curl | ln | Pretty HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Fri, 09 Dec 2022 11:42:27 GMT Server: Apache/2.4.54 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.0.2k-fips PHP/8.0.25 X-Powered-By: PHP/8.0.25 Content-Length: 12746 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=7576572ce164646de967c759643d53031; Path=/; HttpOnly
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Example Domain</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color:#f0f0f2; margin:0; padding:0; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
<p style="...">...</p>
</body>
</html>

• A. All of the above
• B. The application uses an insecure channel (non-TLS)
• C. The application is vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting attacks
• D. The application uses an insecure HTTP method (GET) to send sensitive information

Salt is a cryptographically secure random string that is added to a password before it is hashed. In this context, what is the primary objective of salting?

• A. To slow down the hash calculation process.
• B. To generate a long password hash that is difficult to crack.
• C. To add a secret message to the password hash.
• D. To defend against dictionary attacks or attacks against hashed passwords using a rainbow table.