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NEW QUESTION # 136
Which ONE of the following elements is TYPICALLY used to guide testing during exploratory testing?
- A. A predefined test case that must be executed exactly as documented.
- B. A test charter that defines the testing objectives for the test session.
- C. A comprehensive specification that must be fully available before testing begins.
- D. A detailed test script that prescribes all the steps to be performed.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Exploratory testing is an unscripted approach where testers actively design and execute tests based on their intuition, experience, and knowledge of the system. A test charter (A) provides a guideline on what areas to explore, defining test objectives but leaving room for dynamic adaptation.
(B), (C), and (D) contradict exploratory testing principles, which focus on freedom rather than rigid documentation.
Exploratory testing is especially useful in agile environments, usability testing, and uncovering unexpected defects.
NEW QUESTION # 137
A class grade application for instructors assigns letter grades based on students' numerical grades.
The letter grades for different numerical grades should be:
Above 89, up to 100 - A
Above 79, up to 89 * B
Above 69, up to 79 * C
Above 59, up to 69 - D
Below 60 - F
Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the relatively highest equivalence partition coverage?
- A. 69, 79. 80, 89, 90
- B. 74, 79.84,85, 89
- C. 79, 89.90,99, 100
- D. 0, 58.59,70, 80
Answer: A
Explanation:
The set of test inputs that achieve the relatively highest equivalence partition coverage for grading students is option D: 69, 79, 80, 89, 90. This set effectively tests the boundaries between each grade category, ensuring that the grading system accurately transitions from one grade to another at the correct thresholds (ISTQB Main Web).
Reference:
ISTQBCertified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 PDF
NEW QUESTION # 138
Which of the following tools is most likely to detect defects in functions or methods in source code?
- A. monitoring tool
- B. configuration management tool
- C. test design tool
- D. unit test framework tool
Answer: D
Explanation:
A unit test framework tool is a tool that supports the creation, execution, and reporting of unit tests, which are tests that verify the functionality and quality of individual software components (such as functions or methods) in source code. A unit test framework tool can help to detect defects in functions or methods in source code by providing features such as test case generation, test case execution, test result comparison, test coverage measurement, etc. Some examples of unit test framework tools are JUnit, NUnit, TestNG, etc. The other options are not tools that are likely to detect defects in functions or methods in source code. A configuration management tool is a tool that supports the management and control of different versions and variants of software products or components. A test design tool is a tool that supports the design and generation of test cases based on some criteria or rules. A monitoring tool is a tool that monitors the behavior or performance of a system or component under test. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 10.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Which of the following definitions is NOT true?
- A. Test Management tools monitor and report on how a system behaves during the testing activities.
- B. Test comparators determine differences between files, databases or test results.
- C. Test data preparation tools fill databases, create files or data transmissions to set up test data to be used during the execution of tests.
- D. Test execution tools execute test objects using automated test scripts.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Test Management tools are designed to support the planning, execution, and monitoring of the testing process. They provide features for managing test cases, test runs, tracking defects, and reporting on testing activities. However, the statement in option C describes Test Management tools as monitoring and reporting on the system's behavior during testing activities, which is not accurate. Test Management tools focus on the testing process itself rather than on the behavior of the system under test.
Test data preparation tools (A) indeed create and manage test data for use during test execution.
Test execution tools (B) automate the execution of test cases and the comparison of actual outcomes against expected results.
Test comparators (D) are tools that compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes, highlighting discrepancies.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it inaccurately describes the function of Test Management tools.
NEW QUESTION # 140
The following chart represents metrics related to testing of a project that was competed. Indicate what is represented by tie lines A, B and the axes X.Y
A)
B)
C)
D)
- A. Option B
- B. Option A
- C. Option D
- D. Option C
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option D correctly explains what is represented by the lines A, B and the axes X, Y in a testing metrics chart. According to option D:
X-axis represents Time
Y-axis represents Count
Line A represents Number of open bugs
Line B represents Total number of executed tests
This information is essential in understanding and analyzing the testing metrics of a completed project.
NEW QUESTION # 141
While repotting a defect, which attribute indicates the degree of impact that the defect has on the system?
- A. Description
- B. Severity
- C. Status
- D. Priority
Answer: B
Explanation:
In defect reporting, the attribute that indicates the degree of impact that the defect has on the system is the severity. Severity reflects the seriousness of the defect in terms of its impact on the operation of the system, ranging from minor issues that do not significantly affect the system's functionality to critical defects that can cause system failure. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 142
Which of the following statements is an example of testing contributing to higher quality?
- A. A project manager asks to a test leader to estimate the test effort
- B. A tester installs a test ten in the lest environment
- C. A tester finds a bug which is resolved prior to release
- D. A test leader writes a test summary report
Answer: C
Explanation:
* The question is about identifying an example of testing contributing to higher quality. Quality is the degree to which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations1. Testing is the process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose and to detect defects2.
* Therefore, testing contributes to higher quality by verifying and validating that the software products and related work products meet the specified requirements, are fit for purpose and have no defects, or at least have a reduced number of defects. Testing also provides information about the quality of the software products and related work products to the stakeholders, who can make informed decisions based on the test results3.
* Out of the four given statements, only option D is an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it shows that testing has detected a defect (a flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function4) and that the defect has been resolved (fixed and confirmed) prior to release (delivery of the software product to the customer or end user).
This means that testing has prevented a potential failure (an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits) from occurring in the operational environment, and thus has improved the quality of the software product.
* Option A is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a reporting activity that summarizes the test results and evaluates the test objectives, but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test summary report is a document that records and communicates the outcomes of testing activities, including test completion criteria, test results, incident reports, test summary and evaluation, and lessons learned.
* Option B is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a planning activity that estimates the resources and time needed for testing activities, but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test effort estimate is an approximation of the amount of work and/or the duration of time required to perform testing activities.
* Option C is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a preparation activity that sets up the test environment (an environment containing hardware, instrumentation, simulators, software tools, and other support elements needed to conduct a test), but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test environment installation is a process of installing and configuring the test environment according to the test environment specification.
References:
* 1: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 10
* 2: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 11
* 3: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 12
* 4: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 13
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 13
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 77
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 78
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 79
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 80
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 81
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 82
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 83
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 84
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 85
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 86
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 87
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 88
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 89
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 90
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 91
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 92
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 93
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 94
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 95
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 96
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 97
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 98
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 99
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 100
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 101
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 102
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 103
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 104
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 105
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 106
* : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 107
NEW QUESTION # 143
Consider a program that computes the factorial of a number (n). From the specifications you know that:
* I n < 0. a message "Value out of range" must be issued.
* If 0 < n < 100, the program calculates the factorial and returns the number
* If 100 < n < 200 message "Value out of range" must be issued
- A. The requirements are not correct because the partitions are overlapping
- B. There are 3 partitions - one for negative numbers, one for numbers up to 100 and the last one for numbers up to 200
- C. The equivalence partitions cannot be determined for this question because the error message for two partitions is exactly same
- D. The equivalence partitions cannot be determined for this question because factorial of numbers close to
200 will be very large
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 144
Which of the following tasks is MOST LIKELY to be performed by the tester?
- A. Develop a test strategy and test policy for the organization
- B. Create the detailed test execution schedule
- C. Introduce suitable metrics for measuring test progress
- D. Promote and advocate the test team within the organization
Answer: B
Explanation:
Testers are typically involved in creating detailed test execution schedules, among other tasks such as designing tests, executing tests, and logging defects. Creating a test strategy and test policy, promoting and advocating the test team, and introducing metrics are typically responsibilities of test managers or senior roles.
In the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, the responsibilities of testers include creating test cases, setting up test (ISTQB not-for-profit association)nts, executing tests, and reporting defects, which align with creating detailed test execution schedules#6source#.
References:
Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0
ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 4.0 (2023)
NEW QUESTION # 145
Consider the following table, which contains information about test cases from the test management system:
Which ONE of the following optionsorganizes the test cases based on the statement coverage strategy, while considering practical constraints?
- A. {TC 10; TC 30; TC 20; TC 60; TC 40; TC 80; TC 90; TC 50; TC 70}
- B. {TC 20; TC 30; TC 10; TC 40; TC 50; TC 70; TC 60; TC 80; TC 90}
- C. {TC 80; TC 70; TC 50; TC 60; TC 20; TC 30; TC 10; TC 40; TC 90}
- D. {TC 60; TC 80; TC 40; TC 90; TC 50; TC 10; TC 70; TC 30; TC 20}
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Statement coverage strategyprioritizestest cases with higher statement coverage first, whileresolving dependenciesbefore execution.
* TC60 (7%)has thehighest coveragebutdepends on REQ 1, so it should be executedafter its dependency is covered.
* TC80 (6%)depends onREQ 2, so it should be prioritizedafter TC40 (REQ 2).
* TC40 (5%)andTC90 (5%)should be executed early.
* Lower coverage test cases (TC10, TC70, TC30, TC20) should come last.
Thus, the correct order is{TC 60; TC 80; TC 40; TC 90; TC 50; TC 10; TC 70; TC 30; TC 20} (D).
NEW QUESTION # 146
Which ONE of the following statements about acceptance testing is NOT correct?
- A. The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not find defects.
- B. Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release.
- C. The customers or system users are often responsible for the acceptance testing.
- D. Testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually NOT part of acceptance testing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Acceptance testing is a level of testing performed to verify that a software product meets the agreed acceptance criteria and is acceptable for delivery. Acceptance testing is often performed by the customers or system users, who are the main stakeholders of the software product. The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not find defects, as defects should have been detected and fixed in earlier levels of testing. Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release, unless there are any changes or fixes that require re-testing. Testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually part of acceptance testing, as these are important aspects of system reliability and security that affect the customer satisfaction and trust. Therefore, statement A is not correct, while statements B, C and D are correct. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 2, page 20-
21.
NEW QUESTION # 147
Which ONE of the following is a GOOD testing practice that is INDEPENDENT of the chosen SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) model?
- A. Test analysis and design for a specific test level begin during the corresponding development phase of the SDLC, allowing testing to follow the principle of late testing.
- B. Different test levels have specific and overlapping test objectives, allowing tests to be appropriate to specific test object types while managing redundancy.
- C. For every software development activity, there is a corresponding testing activity, ensuring that all development activities are subject to quality assurance.
- D. Testers are involved in reviewing work products as soon as the final version of this documentation is available so that this earlier testing and defect detection can support the "shift-left" strategy.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Different test levels (unit, integration, system, acceptance) have specific objectives while sometimes overlapping to ensure comprehensive testing (D). Option A contradicts shift-left principles, B encourages late testing (which is ineffective), and C incorrectly assumes that all development activities require direct test actions.
Reference: ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 2.2 - Test Levels
NEW QUESTION # 148
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story:
- A. can be written in different formats and represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation' of the so called "3 C's"
- B. must be written in one of the two following formats: scenario-oriented or rule-oriented
- C. are often written in a rule-oriented format using the template referred to as "Given/When/Then"
- D. are often documented following in rule-oriented format using the following template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can [benefit]"
Answer: A
Explanation:
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story are the conditions that must be met for the user story to be considered done and to deliver the expected value to the user. They are often written in different formats, such as rule-oriented, scenario-oriented, or table-oriented, depending on the nature and complexity of the user story.
They represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation, which is one of the so called "3 C's" of user stories. The other two aspects are card and conversation. Card refers to the concise and informal description of the user story, usually following the template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can
[benefit]". Conversation refers to the ongoing dialogue between the stakeholders and the team members to clarify and refine the user story and its acceptance criteria. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 3.2.2, page 35-36; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 37.
NEW QUESTION # 149
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. The test techniques that can be used to design white-box tests are described in the ISO/IEC 25010 standard
- B. Functional testing focuses on what the system should do while non-functional testing on the internal structure of the system
- C. Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics
- D. Testers who perform functional tests are generally expected to have more technical skills than testers who perform non-functional tests
Answer: C
Explanation:
Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics. Non- functional testing is the process of testing the quality attributes of a system, such as performance, usability, security, reliability, etc. Non-functional testing can be applied at any test level and can use both black-box and white-box test techniques. Non-functional testing can cover both technical aspects, such as response time, throughput, resource consumption, etc., and non-technical aspects, such as user satisfaction, accessibility, compliance, etc. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 1.3.1, page 13; ISTQB® Glossary v4.02, page 40.
NEW QUESTION # 150
A system has a self-diagnostics module that starts executing after the system is reset. The diagnostics are running 12 different tests on the systems memory hardware. The following is one of the requirements set for the diagnostics module:
'The time taking the diagnostics tests to execute shall be less than 2 seconds' Which of the following is a failure related to the specified requirement?
- A. The diagnostic tests take too much time to execute
- B. The diagnostic tests fail to start after a system reset
- C. The diagnostic tests fail due to incorrect implementation of the test code
- D. The diagnostic tests that measure the speed of the memory, fail
Answer: A
Explanation:
A failure is an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits1. A requirement is a condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve anobjective2. In this case, the requirement is that the diagnostics tests should execute in less than 2 seconds.
Therefore, any event that violates this requirement is a failure. The only option that clearly violates this requirement is B. The diagnostic tests take toomuch time to execute. If the diagnostic tests take more than 2 seconds to complete, then they do not meet the specified limit and thus fail. The other options are not necessarily failures related to the specified requirement. Option A. The diagnostic tests fail to start after a system reset is a failure, but not related to the time limit. It is related to the functionality of the self- diagnostics module. Option C. The diagnostic tests that measure the speed of the memory, fail is also a failure, but not related to the time limit. It is related to the accuracy of the memory tests. Option D. The diagnostic tests fail due to incorrect implementation of the test code is also a failure, but not related to the time limit. It is related to the quality of the test code. References = ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Requirements Engineering Fundamentals.
NEW QUESTION # 151
Which of the following statements about testware are correct?
I When closing the test activities, all the testware resources can be uninstalled and released II All the testware should be subject to Configuration Management III. The testware. at the end of the project, should be transferred to the organization responsible for maintenance IV The developers are responsible for the correct installation of the testware
- A. II, Ill
- B. I, IV
- C. I, Ill
- D. II, IV
Answer: A
Explanation:
Testware is a term that refers to all artifacts produced during the testing process, such as test plans, test cases, test scripts, test data, test results, defect reports, etc. The following statements about testware are correct:
* II) All the testware should be subject to Configuration Management. Configuration management is a process that establishes and maintains consistency among work products throughout their life cycle.
Configuration management applies to all testware, as it helps ensure their quality and consistency, track their changes and defects, control their versions and access rights, and link them to other artifacts.
* III) The testware at the end of the project should be transferred to the organization responsible for maintenance. Maintenance testing is testing performed on a software product after delivery to correct defects or improve performance or other attributes. Maintenance testing requires testware from previous testing activities or phases, such as test cases, test data, test results, etc. Therefore, the testware at the end of the project should be transferred to the organization responsible for maintenance testing, such as support team or maintenance team. The following statements about testware are incorrect:
* I) When closing the test activities, all the testware resources can be uninstalled and released. This statement is incorrect, as some testware resources may still be needed for future testing activities or phases, such as maintenance testing or regression testing. Therefore, when closing the test activities, some testware resources should be archived and stored for future use, while others can be uninstalled and released.
* IV) The developers are responsible for the correct installation of the testware. This statement is incorrect, as the testers are responsible for the correct installation of the testware. The testers should ensure that they have access to all necessary testware resources and that they are installed and configured properly before starting the test execution. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 6, page 58-61.
NEW QUESTION # 152
Which of the following statements about branch coverage is true?
- A. The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually lower than that needed to achieve full statement coverage
- B. If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have surely been exercised
- C. If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have surely been exercised
- D. Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage
Answer: D
Explanation:
Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all branches in the control flow of the code are executed at least once by the test cases. A branch is a basic block of code that has a single entry point and a single exit point, and a decision is a point in the code where the control flow can take more than one direction, such as an if-then-else statement, a switch-case statement, a loop statement, etc. The decision outcomes are the possible paths that can be taken from a decision, such as the then branch or the else branch, the case branch or the default branch, the loop body or the loop exit, etc. The other statements are false, because:
* The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually higher than that needed to achieve full statement coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all executable statements in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. This is because branch coverage is a stronger criterion than statement coverage, as it implies statement coverage, but not vice versa. For example, a single test case can achieve full statement coverage for an if-then-else statement, but two test cases are needed to achieve full branch coverage, as both the then branch and the else branch need to be exercised.
* If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have not necessarily been exercised, as unconditional branches are branches that do not depend on any decision, and are always executed, such as a goto statement, a break statement, a return statement, etc.
Unconditional branches are not part of the branch coverage criterion, as they do not represent different paths in the control flow of the code. However, they are part of the statement coverage criterion, as they are executable statements in the code.
* If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have not necessarily been exercised, as a decision table is a test design technique that represents the logical relationships between multiple conditions and their corresponding actions, in a tabular format. A decision table can have more combinations of conditions than the number of decision outcomes in the code, as each condition can have two or more possible values, such as true or false, yes or no, etc. For example, a decision table with four conditions can have 16 combinations of conditions, but the corresponding code may have only two decision outcomes, such as pass or fail. To exercise allcombinations of conditions in a decision table, a stronger test coverage criterion is needed, such as condition combination coverage, which requires that all possible combinations of condition outcomes in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.3.1, Test Coverage Criteria Based on the Structure of the Software
* ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Branch Coverage, Statement Coverage, Branch, Decision, Decision Outcome, Unconditional Branch, Decision Table, Condition Combination Coverage
NEW QUESTION # 153
You are testing an e-commerce system that sporadically fails to properly manage customers' shopping carts.
You have stressed the urgency of this situation to the development manager and development team and they recognize the priority of resolving the underlying defect. The development team is waiting for more information, which you will include in your defect report. Given the following items of information they are included in a typical defect report:
1. The expected results
2. The actual results
3. The urgency and priority to fix this
4. The date and author of the defect report
5. A description of the defect in order to reproduce, including screenshots and database dumps Which of these items will be MOST useful to the developers to help them identify and remove the defect causing this failure?
- A. 1, 2, 5
- B. 1, 2, 4
- C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- D. 3, 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
When developers are trying to identify and remove a defect, they need clear information on what went wrong and what was expected. The items that will be most useful to developers in this context are the expected results (item 1), the actual results (item 2), and a description of the defect including steps to reproduce, screenshots, and database dumps (item 5). This information helps developers understand the nature of the defect and provides the necessary details to reproduce and diagnose the issue effectively.
References:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 5.5.1.
NEW QUESTION # 154
Which of the following statements contradicts the general principles of testing?
- A. How testing is done, is based on the situation in a particular project.
- B. Most defects are found in a small subset of a system's modules.
- C. If new defects are to be found we should run the same test set more often.
- D. Testing is better if it starts at the beginning of a project.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Statement B contradicts the general principles of testing, because running the same test set more often will not increase the chances of finding new defects, unless there are some changes in the system or environment that affect the test results. Running different test sets with different inputs, outputs or conditions would be more effective in finding new defects. Statements A, C and D are consistent with the general principles of testing.
Statement A states that most defects are found in a small subset of a system's modules, which is true according to the defect clustering principle. Statement C states that testing is better if it starts at the beginning of a project, which is true according to the early testing principle. Statement D states that how testing is done, is based on the situation in a particular project, which is true according to the context-dependent testing principle. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, pages 4-6.
NEW QUESTION # 155
In a two-hour uninterrupted test session, performed as part of an iteration on an Agile project, a heuristic checklist was used to help the tester focus on some specific usability issues of a web application.
The unscripted tests produced by the tester's experience during such session belong to which one of the following testing quadrants?
- A. Q3
- B. Q2
- C. Q1
- D. Q4
Answer: A
Explanation:
The unscripted tests produced by the tester's experience during the two-hour test session belong to the testing quadrant Q3. The testing quadrants are a classification of testing types based on two dimensions: the test objectives (whether the testing is focused on supporting the team or critiquing the product) and the test basis (whether the testing is based on the technology or the business). The testing quadrants are labeled as Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, and each quadrant represents a different testing perspective, such as unit testing, acceptance testing, usability testing, or performance testing. The testing quadrant Q3 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of critiquing the product from the business perspective, such as exploratory testing, usability testing, user acceptance testing, alpha testing, beta testing, etc. The unscripted tests performed by the tester in the given scenario are examples of exploratory testing and usability testing, as they are based on the tester's experience, intuition, and learning of the web application, and they focus on some specific usability issues, such as the user interface, the user satisfaction, the user feedback, etc. The other options are incorrect, because:
* The testing quadrant Q1 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of supporting the team from the technology perspective, such as unit testing, component testing, integration testing, system testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by developers or testers who have access to the source code, the design, the architecture, or the configuration of the software system, and they aim to verify the functionality, the quality, and the reliability of the software system at different levels of integration.
* The testing quadrant Q2 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of supporting the team from the business perspective, such as functional testing, acceptance testing, story testing, scenario testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by testers or customers who have access to the requirements, the specifications, the user stories, or the business processes of the software system, and they aim to validate that the software system meets the expectations and the needs of the users and the stakeholders.
* The testing quadrant Q4 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of critiquing the product
* from the technology perspective, such as performance testing, security testing, reliability testing, compatibility testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by testers or specialists who have access to the tools, the metrics, the standards, or the benchmarks of the software system, and they aim to evaluate the non-functional aspects of the software system, such as the efficiency, the security, the reliability, or the compatibility of the software system under different conditions or environments.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Testing Quadrant, Exploratory Testing, Usability Testing, Unit Testing, Component Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Functional Testing, Acceptance Testing, Story Testing, Scenario Testing, Performance Testing, Security Testing, Reliability Testing, Compatibility Testing
NEW QUESTION # 156
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